There are a number of eye conditions that are relatively serious, particularly if not detected early or not monitored regularly. Below there are brief descriptions of some of the most common. If you think you may be suffering from any of these, you should see an optometrist for a full examination.
A cataract is the clouding of the lens which focuses light at the back of the eye and occurs most commonly in older people. Not all cataracts affect vision but when they do, modern surgical techniques offer a relatively simple method of replacing the cloudy lens with an artificial one. Protecting the eyes from harmful UV radiation can help prevent cataracts as you get older. This means wearing good quality sunglasses.
The macular is the part of the back of the eye concerned with detailed vision. Degeneration happens when the cells become damaged or stop working and is the main cause of sight loss in the over 50s. Reducing the risk of AMD can be greatly helped by diet – I know it’s a cliche, but you can’t beat a good diet! Boosting the intake of antioxidants and green leafy vegetables/salads containing lutein and zeanthin are beneficial. Zinc is a very important mineral in many biochemical reactions and helps offer protection from free radical damage. Other supplements such as vitamins C and E, beta carotene and copper have also been shown to help. And finally, exposure to UVB rays increases the risk so make sure your sunglasses will protect you.
Put simply, this is an increase in the pressure of the fluid within the eye leading to nerve damage at the back of the eye. This will result in the initial loss of peripheral vision and the gradual loss of central vision. In the most common cases there are no symptoms in the early stages so regular routine examinations are advisable for everyone. Over the age of 40, eyes should be checked every 2 years – even if there are no visual difficulties – and every year if there is a history of glaucoma in the family.
